Topic is to be an emerging or new technology of some kind Research Paper

Theme is to be a developing or new innovation or something to that affect - Research Paper Example In any case, in the topical occasions when everywhere throughout the world there is quick difference in advances, it is essential to adjust to fresher innovations. New innovation must address the issue of clients and it must be anything but difficult to execute (Souder and Sherman, 1994, p.45). One such innovation is versatile financial office. In prior days banks used to keep customers’ cash in vaults and would just address money related issues of the clients. At that point monetary information systems were make to encourage electronic technique for move of assets through interconnected financial framework. And, after its all said and done the clients must be by and by present in the bank to store or recover reserves. Next ATMs gave the clients to do their banking in different areas. Presently, more as of late web based banking through the web has become a typical event. The most recent innovation in the line of banking offices is portable banking. This innovation causes the clients to do exercises like moving assets, checking balances, taking care of tabs from their PDAs. Presently clients once in a while need to go to the bank to do their banking (Stair and Reynolds, 2009, p.17). ... (Krugel, 2007, p.3) Insecure edge of portable financial innovation Today clients do the vast majority of their banking either through PCs or cell phones. Cell phones are in nowadays web empowered and private information either remain on a solitary gadget or buoy in the internet and in this way can be defenseless against abuse (Mukherjee, 2008, p. 61). Cell phones were basically worked for voice correspondences and as such have certain restrictions that expansion the hazard factor in portable banking. One significant hazard factor incorporates worry of secrecy and respectability of information during move of data from and to bank’s wired center handling framework and to remote condition. There are numerous different impediments in cell phone like little screen space, short battery life and lower handling speeds. There is additionally the issue of different information section groups and furthermore information stockpiling limit is constrained. Endeavors are being taken to dimin ish the hazard factors through remote markup language and remote application convention. The versatile makers are additionally attempting to improve the gadgets. Be that as it may, different dangers which incorporate security danger and confirmation are as yet significant issues of concern and except if measures are taken to determine the security issues, versatile banking can never turn into the predominant channel for banking. Versatile innovation of today can give wide range choices to portable financial administrations. While a few choices can guarantee elevated level of security there are different choices which can't guarantee a similar security level. There is plausibility to limit the hazard factors by presenting operational controls. In creating nations versatile handset innovation isn't of the most elevated level. In these nations dangers of portable

Texas Women University

Texas Women University was framed with wide target of acknowledging staff contribution towards achieving preset college objectives. The college additionally guarantees that individuals from all resources are dealt with similarly all through the college particularly based on residency and rank.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Texas Women University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, every one of them are required to satisfy set guidelines of the college to a great extent because of the way that these norms are utilized as benchmarks under which residency and advancements are resolved (Karran, 2009). The scholastic opportunity and residency gave by the college empowers creation, disclosure and dispersal of information to society. All the while, privileges of all individuals are placed into thought. Be that as it may, before one is given any advancement or expansion of residency, scholarly capabilities are placed into thought (Russell, 19 93). Also there are diverse residency and principles for arrangement of individuals in various positions. Besides, the college necessitates that each employee should get certain prerequisites set together by the foundation before being viewed as qualified for residency. The workforce has likewise set up rules for residency assessment which incorporates a cautious audit of records, scholarly capabilities, future possibilities just as the present and back needs of the college in general. Yearly surveys of these residencies are bolstered by accessible documentation on members’ accomplishment. The equivalent ought to be upheld with assessments from staff and understudies notwithstanding existing records of academic materials, innovativeness and expert turn of events (Metzger, 1955). The yearly audits further contain yearly explanations which demonstrate whether a given employee can be considered for future arrangements dependent on accomplishments record.Advertising Looking for a rticle on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tenured employees appreciate heap of rights, duties and benefits. Not at all like their untenured partners, tenured employees reserve the privilege to choose who should instruct or not educate by any stretch of the imagination. Likewise, they additionally assume key job in planning the schedule and the learning results of a given course (Cary, 2010). The rights and benefits that employees further appreciate incorporate impartial pay and incidental advantages, engaging in scholarly crucial objectives of the college, proceeded with work as either full teacher or partner educators until renunciation or retirement. These individuals likewise appreciate nonstop college support on grant and instructing openings. Besides, the residency offers employees the privilege and opportunity to talk, relate and compose with no obstacle (Byrne, 2007). Thusly, when an employee gets the residenc y, the person can't be terminated with no confirmation or cause. As per American relationship of college educators, residency is a way to specific closures which untenured individuals can't appreciate. Henceforth, residency ensures the scholarly privileges of employees by restricting the authority of the college to make a move or fire individuals voluntarily. They are likewise in a situation to appreciate scholastic opportunity whereby they can play out their scholarly duties with no obstacle from the college or individuals from people in general (Texas Women University, 2011). It is likewise inside the unrestrained choice of employees to air their sentiments particularly on issues with respect to strategies administering training in these organizations. This has been seen as significant since every part can freely take an interest in prosperity of such establishments without being impacted contrarily structure outside sources. Concerning attendant instructors, scholarly opportunity is of incredible essentialness remembering that they are equipped for propelling their abilities and information inside their picked field of study. At the end of the day, this type of opportunity permits them to practice their nursing potential in the most ideal manner conceivable. References Byrne, P. (1997). Scholarly Freedom without Tenure? American Association for Higher Education: Working Paper Series.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Texas Women University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cary, N. (2010). No University Is an Island: Saving Academic Freedom. New York; New York University Press. Karran, T. (2009). Scholarly Freedom: A Research Bibliography. New York; New York University Press. Metzger. W, (1955). Scholarly Freedom in the Age of the University. Columbia: Columbia University Press. Russell, C. (1993). Scholastic opportunity. Oxford: Routledge. Texas Women University (2011). Leading body of officials: Regent’s ap proaches. Recovered from record://C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/TWU%20%20Board%20of%2 0Regents%20-%20Regents%20Policies%281%29-1.htm This article on Texas Women University was composed and put together by client Sonia Sutton to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Kids Should Be Paid for Good Grades Essay

Cash can be an inspiration to urge understudies to concentrate hard. The understudies will feel that their exertion is commendable when they are compensated. Pay for children’s passing marks can likewise support children’s idea about cash. What's more, the last, guardians can reject their kids’ absurd solicitation of buying and let them procure it. When all is said in done, children ought to get paid for good checks. To start with, if kids get paid for passing marks, they will be spurred to get excellent grades. As they grow up, their requests on assortment things will increment too. In any case, their folks won't generally fulfill their children’s needs with all the fixings. Now, a few youngsters may be frustrated in light of the fact that they can't get what they need despite the fact that they accomplish passing marks. For example, if a youngster needs an iPhone and the guardians decline the solicitation since it is excessively costly, the kid will focus on the iPhone instead of study hard. Rather than saying â€Å"no† to the kid, the guardians can compensate passing marks with the goal that the youngster will keep up great checks so as to purchase the telephone. Obviously, when the youngster has enough reserve funds because of good execution, the kid will in the long run got what the person in question wanted. Subsequently, cash can be an incredible impetus for youngsters to concentrate hard. Second, kids will frame monetary ideas about the genuine estimation of cash. They scarcely know the motivation behind cash aside from it could be utilized to trade with the products they need. They didn't have a clue about the worth, influence or even the measure of cash. The view of children about cash would likely be â€Å"money comes out from mommy’s or daddy’s pocket. In this manner, paying youngsters dependent on their evaluations permits them to know the idea of â€Å"all pays merit gains. † Kids will before long understand that cash originates from their exertion and is for valid justifications. Third, because of the cutting edge society that we live in, kids are pulled in by bunches of extravagant and extravagance items and they may have irrational interest. Guardians can deny the strange requests of their youngsters. The kids won't comprehend their folks since they are juvenile. So as to set up a harmony between â€Å"buying what they want† and â€Å"they can't have it†, paying for passing marks is a superior arrangement. On the off chance that children get paid, they will continue concentrating hard. Paying for good school work doesn't just profit the youngsters, yet in addition the guardians. Children will be propelled by the intrigue of cash, while their insight into money will be grown at the same time. What's more, children will comprehend that they reap what they plant. Consequently, children ought to get paid for their great imprints.

To what extent should psychology be considered a science - Free Essay Example

Science and psychology Broadly speaking, science is concerned with the objective, logical study of the material world based on fact, and not opinion or intuition.   It can be defined as a systematic approach that is grounded in logic and which aims to produce data that can be measured, tested, analysed, and reproduced (Lilienfeld, 2010; Lindberg, 2010). Science encompasses all of our accumulated knowledge and discoveries about the universe. Though it featured early on in human history, namely ancient Greece, it has been argued that scientific thought did not reappear again until the European enlightenment because of the difficulties faced by humans in overriding automatic and intuitive modes of thinking (Lilienfeld, 2010). Psychology on the other hand, is arguably a relatively new domain that has been studied as a distinct discipline in its own right for only a couple of hundred years (Danziger, 2013). Psychology is a multi-faceted and wide-ranging subject that focuses on the study of the mind and behaviour (Henriques, 2004). Many different perspectives have contributed to the study of psychology including behaviourism, developmental and cognitive approaches. The role of psychology as a science has been debated for over one hundred years and continues to generate controversy (Lilienfeld, 2010; Zittoun, Gillespie, and Cornish, 2009). Thus, the following work will discuss to what extent psychology should be considered a science. To achieve this aim, evidence in support of psychology as a science will be considered and evidence against this supposition will be examined. The work will conclude with a summary and analysis of the question under review. In support of psychology as a science Evidence that provides support for the idea that psychology is a science will now be examined. Science is grounded in the empiricism paradigm which postulates that observations and experiences, or data derived from the senses, are the primary way of gaining knowledge (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). Thus, empirical methods are used to obtain factual information that all can agree on and which is immune from the influence of any researchers (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). In the scientific approach, double-blind experiments should be utilised wherever possible and subjectivity reduced to the bare minimum (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). This is because the research ideal in science is to assume that all observations are neutral and not effected by any knowledge, bias, culture, or opinions of the researcher (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). As per the scientific tradition, research in psychology predominantly relies on collecting objective empirical data from participants, for example through questionnaires, per formance tasks, experimentation, or observation. Therefore, it can be argued that psychology is a science because many researchers use the scientific method of hypothetico-deductivism. Hypothetico-deductivism is a methodology which places emphasis on hypotheses verification or rejection through statistical analyses and significance testing (Haig, 2005). Consequently, in many psychological disciplines the researcher must test a theory or hypothesis by making observational predictions which can be empirically tested (Haig, 2005). The data needs to undergo direct statistical analyses, and if the data supports the predictions made at the outset then the result is viewed as confirming the theory in this instance. On the other hand, if the predictions are not supported by the data then this particular study is viewed as disconfirming the theory under question (Haig, 2005). Predictability in empirical research is important because in this way, researchers can estimate or forecast future behaviour from their results. Another important feature of psychology as a science is that extraneous variables should be controlled as much as possible, and any research conducted should be amenable to replication by other researchers (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005; Lilienfeld, 2010). In this way, cause and effect can be more clearly determined, and if different researchers consistently find the same results then it is more likely that the results are valid and reliable. Consequently, a theory or treatment should only gain acceptance if other investigators are able to provide empirical support for it (Haig, 2005; HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005; Lilienfeld, 2010). Accordingly, in parallel with the scientific domain, it can be argued that a major goal of research in psychology is to successfully identify empirical phenomena which subsequently lead to explanation and theory construction (Haig, 2005). Behaviourism is one dominant example of empiricism and scientific thought in psychology. It should be noted that behaviourism in its original form is now considered outdated and too simplistic to account for the complexity of human behaviour. Nevertheless, it has been contended that it facilitated the focus on scientific principles and was the precursor to experimental research in areas such as cognitive, clinical, and developmental psychology (Costall, 2006; Moore, 2011). The foundation of behaviourism is the premise that behaviours are derived from learned associations between a stimulus and a response (Moore, 2011; Padoa-Schioppa, 2008). In other words, behaviourism proposes that all behaviours (including feelings, thoughts, and actions) are a result of events external to the individual and that organisms respond to stimuli in automatic ways and following universal laws (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). It is clear that behaviourism is a highly scientific approach. Indeed Skinner, a prominent behaviourist, stated in relation to research it is science or nothing (1971, p. 160).    Behaviourism posits that psychology should be studied scientifically with attention focused on observable behaviours rather than internal processes (Moore, 2011). Behaviourism is often regarded as a direct reaction to the unscientific and introspective nature of psychoanalysis, a perspective which dominated psychology in the early 20th century (Costall, 2006; Moore, 2011). Comparatively, behaviourisms major strengths were that it was highly objective, was applicable to both humans and animals, and was highly replicable (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005; Moore, 2011). Another perspective that provides support for psychology being a science is the cognitive approach. It has been argued that the cognitive approach replaced behaviourism as the dominant paradigm in psychology (Costall, 2006; Gardner, 2008). Cognitive psychology returned focus to the importance of mental processes rather than concentrating solely on environmental factors as behaviourism had done (Gardner, 2008). The basic pr emise of cognitive psychology is to examine how mental processes contribute to human emotions, behaviour, and thinking (Gardner, 2008). Nevertheless, although investigating unobservable phenomena may seem unscientific, cognitive psychology continues to use the rigorous experimental methods and robust statistical analyses of behaviourism (Gardner, 2008). Therefore, in line with the hypothetico-deductive method cognitive psychologists develop precise theoretical hypotheses and then conduct well-controlled experiments in order to confirm or reject them (Gardner, 2008; Haig, 2005). By applying scientific methods researchers in the cognitive discipline are able to investigate complex systems such as information processing, language, attention, memory, and the effects of brain injury on cognition (Gardner, 2008). Against psychology as a science Hitherto evidence in support of psychology as a science has been examined; now arguments which contradict this notion will be considered. One important factor to consider when determining the scientific nature of psychology is that due to the complexity of brain function and human behaviour, control of all extraneous variables is almost impossible. For instance, in a study examining the relationship between depression and eating habits a psychologist would not be able to truly control for a persons childhood experiences. In addition, much of the research in psychology does not employ double-blind procedures, even in studies of a clinical nature where it would be advantageous to do so (Lilienfeld, 2010). It is also likely that a researcher can never be completely certain that their hypothesis is true because psychological processes occur in the mind and are not readily accessible. It is interesting that although the hypothetico-deductive approach to research is held in great este em by many scientists and psychologists, it has also been heavily criticised (Haig, 2005). It has been argued that approaching research using the principles of empiricism means that the role of language and culture in psychological processes tend to be neglected (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). Furthermore, the nature of empirical studies means that generalisations are made by studying one population which may not be representative of all groups (HjÃÆ' ¸rland, 2005). It can be difficult to reconcile psychology with science when human behaviour varies across situations and over time. This means that testing an individual at one particular instance and situation is unlikely to provide an absolute explanation of any behaviour. It is evident that there is a division within psychology as to how scientific it should be, which is determined by ones perspective and priorities. For example, Lilienfeld (2010) strongly supports the idea that psychology should be a science but argues that a major threat to scientific psychology is the failure of empirical research to prevent or control confirmation bias. Confirmation bias is against scientific ideals because it involves the tendency for academics to look for evidence consistent with their hypotheses and to ignore, deny, or alter evidence that is in contrast to them (Lilienfeld, 2010).   Thus, psychology is hindered by the desire of researchers to see what they want to see, and this has facilitated dubious science, non-science, and even pseudoscience to take root and flourish in many quarters (Lilienfeld, 2010, p. 282). Another pertinent point is that not all areas of psychology adhere to strict methodological stipulations and are actually opposed to the idea of psychology being a science. For example, the humanistic psychology movement, which developed in the 1950s and 1960s partly as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviourism, emphasises the importance of an individuals subjective way of thinking and personal perception (Elkins, 2008). For humanist psychologists, science has little place in psychology because only by investigating subjective experience can a true understanding of behaviour be realised (Elkins, 2008). Thus, humanists do not support empirical research involving rigorous testing and control and instead champion the precepts of free will, richness of experience and subjective understanding. Humanists acknowledge the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the focus on an individuals strengths (Elkins, 2008). Prominent supporters of humanistic psychology included Allport, Maslow, and Rogers (Elkins, 2008). Indeed, Carl Rogers developed client-centred therapy and was considered at one point the most influential psychologist in America (Elkins, 2008). Supporters of the humanistic perspective lament the dehumanising and deterministic nature of current psychology and humanisms fall from favour (Elkins, 2008). They point out that despite the dominance of objective and sc ientific psychology, humanistic ideas permeate mainstream psychology and therapy (Elkins, 2008). It has been argued that mainstream, scientific psychology continues to undermine humanistic psychology and does not acknowledge its contributions to theory and academic literature (Elkins, 2008). Conclusion In summary, the extent to which psychology should be considered a science is a complex area of debate. Evidence in support of psychologys scientific nature emphasises the benefits of conducting psychology research in line with the principles of hypothetico-deductivism such as greater control, replicability, and robust statistical analyses. Similar to science, in many areas of psychology objectivity is paramount, whilst subjectivity is frowned upon. For example, in the behaviourism and cognitive disciplines empirical research and the control of variables are highly important. Furthermore, some psychologists argue that psychology as a whole should be scientific and can be improved by following scientific principles (Lilienfeld, 2010). On the other hand, there are pitfalls to examining complex psychological processes in a scientific way such as difficulties with generalising findings to different populations, the practical impossibility of maintaining true control over all extraneous variables, and issues with conducting double-blind experiments. In addition, it could be argued that psychology cannot be considered a science when confirmation bias remains so rampant in the field (Lilienfeld, 2010). Naturally, humanistic psychologists approach the debate from a different standpoint and wholly reject psychology as a science. They posit that mainstream psychologys emphasis on laboratory experiments and objectivity has come at the cost of truly understanding individual experience and free will. Therefore, humanistic psychologists do not believe that psychology benefits from being (or trying to be) a science; rather psychologists should try to understand human behaviour from the perspective of the individual (Elkins, 2008). Consequently, it seems that psychology can be considered a science to a large extent. Nonetheless, its focus on the processes of the mind and behaviour means that it should not ignore potentially valuable, yet subjective, areas of investigation. However, one views psychology as a subject it is likely that its scientific identity will continue to cause controversy. References Costall, A., (2006) Introspectionism and the mythical origins of scientific psychology. Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 634-654. Danziger, K., (2013) Psychology and its history. Theory Psychology, vol.23, no. 6, pp. 829-839. Elkins, D. N., (2008) Why humanistic psychology lost its power and influence in American psychology: Implications for advancing humanistic psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 267-291. Gardner, H., (2008)The Minds New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. New York: Basic Books. Haig, B. D., (2005) An abductive theory of scientific method. Psychological Methods, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 371-388. Henriques, G. R., (2004) Psychology defined.Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 1207-1221. HjÃÆ' ¸rland, B., (2005) Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science. Journal of Documentation,vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 130-155. Lilienfeld, S. O., (2010) Can psych ology become a science? Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 281-288. Lindberg, D. C., (2010) The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to AD 1450. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Moore, J., (2011) Philosophy of science, with special consideration given to behaviorism as the philosophy of the science of behavior. Psychological Record, vol.60, no. 1, pp. 132-136. Padoa-Schioppa, C., (2008) The syllogism of neuro-economics. Economics and Philosophy, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 449-457. Skinner, B. F., (1971) Beyond Freedom and Dignity. New York: Bantam. Zittoun, T., Gillespie, A., and Cornish, F., (2009) Fragmentation or differentiation: Questioning the crisis in psychology. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 104-115.

Karl Marx And Max Weber - 1332 Words

Throughout the semester, I was very fascinated by religion science as they talked about different religion in depth that exist on earth and various perspectives of well known people on the study of religion. I chose Karl Marx and Max Weber for my paper assignment. Two sociologists and philosophers have discussed their views on religion and its impact on society. Most of the Sociologist of that time wrote about the role of religion in society, Karl Marx and Max Weber observations are particularly relevant for our course. Religion is one of the principle social ideologies that impacts social stability and modification. This paper will compare and contrast their views on the impact of religion upon society. Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) both are Sociologist, Economist and Philosophers. Karl Marx explains that religion is a social opiate and agent of social control, Max Weber describes it on another way that religion can in some instances be an independent variable and a source of social change. Karl Marx Karl Marx is one of the most persuasive thinkers; he states that religion as an opiate. He is the first sociologist of religion as he comments that humans make religion, religion does not make humans. He didn’t bring out any specific writing on religion subject but his influence on the sociology of religion is remarkable. The Marxian thesis describes that Marx’s perspective on religion can only be understood, it is very important to study his thesis aboutShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Max Weber1663 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of the society that we live in. Karl Marx and Max Weber were two world renowned social theorists who both looked at the world in similar and contrasting ways and have helped shape the world that we live in today. Marx and Weber analyzed the transformations of society that resulted in similarities along with differences, explaining the nature along with causes of the transformation which helps other theorists come up with methods for their claims today. Karl Marx was a German philosopher and revolutionaryRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe study of sociology has always focused on examining the many factors that compose society and the myriad of ways in which it functions. Karl Marx along with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber were the pioneers that are credited as being the founders of classical sociology. They were the first ones to thoroughly examine the complexities of society and create theories for them. The theoretical frameworks and research methodologies created by these sociologists were products of the enlightenment and areRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1486 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Karl Marx and Max Weber assert that capitalism is the dominion of abstractions and the irrational accumulation of abstract wealth for the sake of wealth. For Marx, the state of capitalism is entrenched in the social classes to which people have bben assigned. Capitalism, according to Marx, is a result of the bourgeo isie s ascent to economic and political power. This fuels the manifestation of a system that exploits the labour power of the lower socioeconomic classes for the gain of the higherRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1187 Words   |  5 Pages1. Class Karl Marx and Max Weber both identify economic position as being a key factor in social stratification. Marx uses the Materialist Conception of History as his basic premise to show that there exist two classes which are in opposition to one another, and that they are in constant social conflict with one another due to the structure of capitalism itself. Weber, on the other hand, describes class as being an objective measure of wealth, with conflict not between classes but within them. AlthoughRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. From the contribution of how sociology should be studied, to how they applied their theories to everyday life has influenced many sociologists. Predominant ly, both of these theorists’ discussed the effects of capitalismRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1156 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitably lead to revolution? Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920), both social scientists, dedicated much of their time and work towards the common goal of interpreting the causes and effects of capitalism. They did this by creating a sense of understanding (not only for themselves but for others as well) in regards to capitalism’s construction, foundation, mechanism, and its future. In their assessments of capitalism, both Marx and Weber appear to have two different conclusionsRead MoreMax Weber And Karl Marx2003 Words   |  9 Pagesas sociologists and philosophers. Despite a vast amount of sociologists contributing to our development of social thought over time, I’m particularly interested in the work of Max Weber and Karl Marx. Both theorist’s theories co-inside and take on an interesting partial Marxist perspective on society and social thought. Weber, a German sociologist, philosopher and political economist born in 1864 is one of the best philosophers to explain the theory of the economic system of capitalism. He had a wideRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber are two great sociologists of the 19th century. They have provided varying interpretations of the rise of capitalism, its nature and their ideas on how society changes. Less than half a century separated Weber from Marx. Published in 1867, the twenty-forth chapter of Capital presents Marx’ views on the genesis of capitalism. Weber’s views crystallized in his best-known work – The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism – where he traced the impact of ascetic ProtestantismRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber2172 Words   |  9 PagesBoth Karl Marx and Max Weber sought to understand the emergence of modern bourgeoisie capitalism and its pervasiveness, at least throughout the western world, in the nineteenth century. Both authors saw modern capitalism as an inherently superior system of economic exchange for the gene ration of wealth, but greatly differed in their epistemological approach to its genesis. This in turn influenced their loci of analysis, as well as their eventual conclusions on the processes of historical change itselfRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber Essay2354 Words   |  10 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber, were influential social thinkers of the 19th century, having developed many theories in various areas of sociology. One of the areas both Marx and Weber have thoroughly discussed in their essays is origins and development of modern capitalism. Although both theorists agree on the basic elements of modern capitalism, that is, it is a rational process of accumulation of wealth or capital for reinvestment, yet they differ in their ideas concerning how capitalism emerged as it

Titians Altarpieces Essay Example For Students

Titians Altarpieces Essay What was the importance of these two altarpieces for the development of paintingin Venice, both from a stylistic and iconographic point of view? It has beensaid that Titians Assunta, which adorns the high altar, and Pesaro (on theleft aisle of the chapel of the Immaculate Conception) stand mid-way between thepast and the future of Venetian painting. This infers that Titian drew onestablished traditions learnt from his masters Bellini and Giorgione, and imbuedhis works with a freshness and inspiration not seen before. Furthermore, itbecomes apparent that his sensitive construction of the works consideringthe authority of his patrons facilitate a depth of interpretation whichhighlight both the sacred and civic concerns of the time. To illustrateTitians progressive role in Venetian art history, I will draw on Renaissancedocumentation, and contemporary research that notes the stylistic andiconographic elements of these altarpieces. In 1568 the Florentine chroniclerVasari wrote of Titian, Titianwho has adorned with great pictures the Cityof Venicedeserves the love and respect of all craftsmen, who ought to admireand imitate him in many things. For he is a painter who has producedworkwhichwill live as long as the memory of illustrious men endures . This isa useful starting point for such an investigation: this representation is valid,since Vasari had met and spoken to him while writing the book, and being aFlorentine he wasnt so susceptible to employing the Venetian rhetoric whichcould tend to be biased The contemporary chronicler Ludovico Dolce recorded theshock and criticism the Assunta attracted when it was first unveiled. Suchcontroversy points to its radicalism and supports assertions that it wasinfluential for developing artists: For all the panels grandeur andawesomeness, the oafish painters and the foolish masses, who until then hadseen nothing but the dead and cold works of Giovanni Bellini, of Gentile, and ofVivarino, which were without movement and modelli ng, grossly defamed thepicture. Then, as envy cooled and the truth slowly dawned on them, people beganto marvel at the new style established in Venice by Titian There is goodreason to conclude that the Assunta and Pesaro altarpieces rank amongst thefinest and most notary of Titians works. In his book, The Altarpiece inRenaissance Venice, Peter Humfrey claims that the exceptionally large number ofchurches in Venice elevated the prevalence of this style, as they all needed tobe decorated. The lack of fresco painting (due to the humid climate) meant morepanel paintings were constructed, and so Venetian painters tended toconcentrate their most ambitious effortson altar painting Limitations ofthe investigation The lack of primary documentation from this era hinders ourability to place the artwork in its socio-cultural context. When relying on therhetoric of the State-appointed historians, we must consider the bias thatresults from their upholding of the Myth of Venice. Obviously, the val ueof these to the research question is limited; being contemporary, they areunable to describe Titians long-term influence on Venetian painting. Definition of key terms When analysing artwork from a stylistic point of view,all visual (not metaphorical) factors are taken into account. Issues ofcomposition, symmetry and asymmetry, colour palette, application of paint, andrendering of forms are all relevant. Iconography refers to any elements of thepainting that can be left open for a religious or sacred interpretation. Thesetwo points of view are inextricably linked: for example, the placement (re:composition, thus stylistic element) of the Madonna and Child, elevated in thecentre of a devotional painting also has iconographic references: this was theirtraditional position, and portrayed their roles as intercessors between thefigures below, and God in Heaven above. In this context, the altarpiece refersto a painting set behind an above the altar in a Christian church. Paintedaltarpieces might be accompanied by sculpture, as in the case of TitiansAssunta, which features three free-standing marble figures on the frame. Theterm sa cra conversazione refers to the type of composition made popular byBellini, where a group of saints are gathered in a unified space. Anyconversation between saints is solely spiritual and internal;paradoxically, as soon as obvious communication takes place (in the case ofTitians Pesaro), the composition no longer conforms to what constitutes asacra conversazione . Established traditions in altarpiece design Titian waspainting amongst the turbulent climate of the age of Reformation and theCounter-Reformation: this may have influenced his work, endowing it with agreater sense of drama and more overt display of emotion which is evidentespecially in Assunta. This was a significant development from the entrenchedVenetian style established by Bellini: his altarpieces were characteristicallytranquil and meditive (Humfrey refers to Bellinis Diletti, S. Giobbe and StCatherine of Sienna altarpieces in defining the sacra conversazione). His styleembodies the Venetian ethos of La Serenissima. S tylistic developments inAssunta and Pesaro altarpieces While depictions of the Assumption scene had beenpainted by such names as Vivarini and Palma Vecchio, Titians subjects aremuch more powerfully built and more dynamic in their gestures than therelatively angular and timid figures in the earlier altarpieces. There is a moodof vivacity and upward movement, driven by the shifts in dark and light throughthe three zones (disciples, Madonna, God and angels). The viewers eye isarrested by the raised arms of the disciples, the foreshortening of thevirgins body refuses to let the eye rest, until it reaches the sweeping groupof angels. Rosand affirms the stylistic importance of this work, in suggestingthat its unveiling heralded the arrival of the classical High Renaissance inVenice. Titians dramatic gestures and breadth of form draws comparisons tothe art of Raphael, and in particular, his Assumption. Some scholars suggestTitian may have seen preparatory sketches for this work around the time hereceived the commission for Assunta , in which case the originality of his workis dubious. However, the fact that he hadnt yet undertaken the artistspilgrimage to Rome and viewed the works of Raphael and his contemporaries,offers credibility in terms of his artistic innovation. A justification of whyAssunta was not accepted by the patron, Guardian of the Fransiscan order, FraGermano, was because the human forms are too sensual. A highly rhetoricalpassage from a 1910 book by Charles Ricketts, asserts that the face of Marysatisfies us as expressing ecstasy in a human type . While being ultimatelysubjective, it sheds light on how people would personally react to it. Theexuberant vitality would have been frightening and even offensive, togenerations used to Bellinis style. The Assunta is notable in combining twosignificant biblical events: the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, and theCoronation. The Coronation was a theme most usually represented in a horizontalformat, yet perhaps t his extensive thematic content would have offered morescope for drama and innovation when it was to be set in a tall, arched format. Reflections of a Culture Past EssayFrancis position makes him intercessor between the Pesaro family and Christ. These allusions to the Passion become explicit in the depiction of the two puttiin the clouds, who support a large wooden cross. The extent of the Pesarosiconographic significance can be challenged with the knowledge of the particulartroubles Titian had to overcome regarding the placement of the work. The viewerfirst encounters the altarpiece from an angle, approaching the high altar. Hence, the composition must accommodate not only this view, but a full-frontalperspective. It seems that these conditions would have challenged Titianscreativity, and the question of what stands due to necessity and what stands asiconography in this work makes analysis a complicated issue. With the Assunta,Goffen suggests that the stylistic feature of circular forms carriesiconographic relevance. While they unify the composition within the painting,the curved architecture of the choir screen and the apse, they refermetaphorically to God, circles being His geometric equivalent . The goldtones prevalent in the work allow for a similar reading, that golden lightrepresents His divine illumination. The light becomes more intense and golden aswe cross the boundary between the mundane and the sacred realms, reaching itsfull density when it reaches God. This golden light and illumination embodiesMarys triumph over sin and death. The extent to which the role of patronageinhibited artistic inn ovation We have an inhibited ability to interpret works asreflections of the artists innovation and artistic development since theywere largely contrived according to the demands of the patrons. In TitiansPesaro, Jacopo Pesaros demands were well documented. The terms of Titianscommission stipulated that he include full-length kneeling portraits of Jacopo,his brothers and nephew . In meeting these requirements, this could perhapsaccount for Titians unusual composition, and if true, it negates theinterpretation of significant stylistic innovation. It appears Pesaro wantednumerous images represented in his altarpiece, supported by Ettlinger whostudied the iconography of the columns: Pesarobelieved that a successfulintegration of all elements could be achieved . Alongside the depiction ofthe Immaculate Conception (and his veneration of it), the inclusion of hisfamily, and emblems which celebrated his illustrious military career wereinvolved. The presence of so much diverse symbolism com plicates aninterpretation of the artworks iconography, which has been demonstrated inthe plethora of scholars explanations in regard to the columns in thebackground of the Pesaro altarpiece. As a Mendicant friar, Fra Germano Casalecould not own property, although he is commerated as the patron of theAssunta . The date of unveiling and his name is inscribed on the frame, whichsufficiently serves as documentation of the patronage and commission. Even ifGermano relied on bequests to the Frari to fund the work, his vested interestsare apparent when we read of his constant harassing of Titian while it was beingpainted. It reinforces the notion raised with the Pesaro, that the presence ofthe patrons places an influence on the outcome of the painting, so much so thatit enables interpretations based on the political and social interests of thepatrons. It is the many possible readings of these works, not only from astylistic and iconographic point of view, that make the Assunta and Pesaro su chenigmatic and monumental works. In capturing the ideals and beliefs from theirtime while exhibiting such progressive artistic features, they hold greatimportance for the development of painting in Venice. Bibliography1. Anderson, J. The Genius of Venice 1500-1600, in Art International,vol.27 April/June 1984 p.15-22 2. Ettlinger, H. The Iconography of theColumns in Titians Pesaro Altarpiece, in Art Bulletin vol.61, 1979 p.59-673. Goffen, R. Piety and Patronage in Renaissance Venice: Bellini, Titian and theFransiscans, New Haven, Yale (1996) 4. Humfrey, P. The Altarpiece in RenaissanceVenice, New Haven and London (1993) 5. Licht, F. Titian: The Majestic Voiceof All Venice, in Art International no.11 Summer 1990 p.90-93 6. Ricketts, C. Titian Methuen ; Co.Ltd, London, 1910 7. Rosand, D. Painting in CinquecentoVenice: Titian, Veronese, Tintoretto, New Haven and London (1982) 8. Rosenthal,M. In my view Titians reputation: the limitations of history, inApollo, Dec. 93 p.395-8 9. Tietze, H. Titian: The Paintings and Drawings ThePhaidon Press Ltd, London 1950

Utilizing the Right College Essay Topics Will Help You Ace Your Essay

Utilizing the Right College Essay Topics Will Help You Ace Your EssayIt is possible to choose the appropriate College Essay Topics that are applicable to your life and interest, and this will definitely help you to ace your essay. You need to make an informed decision so that you will be able to get maximum information from it. The purpose of this article is to help you with that.First of all, before you even think about the essay topic selection, you need to write your introduction. This needs to give you a direction about your essay. After you know how it will be structured, you can begin to write in the proper format.You need to know that there are a lot of advantages of choosing the correct College Essay Topics when you want to ace your essay. In this way, you will be able to avoid writing a poor essay and give your reader an idea of what you really mean.You have to look for essay topics that are relevant to you and therefore they are the ones that will give you a better understa nding of your career and where you want to go in it. Remember that the topic of your essay should be related to your interests and characteristics. And you must always make sure that your topic has something to do with your career goals.Utilizing proper grammar and punctuation rules will also help you with your essay topics. Keep in mind that you must make sure that you never stray from the standard rules because this may lead to incorrect sentence structure, mistakes in meaning.Utilizing a professional writer is also a good idea when you want to ace your College Essay Topics. They are experts in this field and they will write the essay based on what you wrote. If you take this approach, you will not have to worry about the quality of the work because they are already skilled enough in this area.Utilizing the internet as your source of research will help you in coming up with the best College Essay Topics. There are lots of resources online where you can gather information about the topic that you want to cover. Aside from that, you can also learn about how to write a College Essay Topic, what topics to avoid, and how to write your own essay.The overall goal for you should be to ace your College Essay Topics, and this can be done by combining both the above mentioned strategies. Take a look at the tips I have given you in this article and practice them diligently. In time, you will be able to ace your essay by using these strategies.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Conclusion Sentence

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Conclusion Sentence Actually, on the true AP exam, you might not get to the conclusion in the slightest. The introduction should offer necessary background info and grab their attention so as to direct it towards the thesis and the whole paper. The absolute most prosperous articles have strong finishes, where the conclusion is just one of the strongest elements of the post. If however, the research takes over five pages, the ideal idea about how to begin a conclusion for a research paper would be to recap what you've already written. Not making the best use of the concluding sentence almost invariably results in penalties. You're able to use a concluding sentence to state how you want to find things change later on. When you're writing a great conclusion paragraph, you have to consider the major point you want to become across and be sure it's included. Nothing can be easier than to compose the last paragraph with our on-line generator ! 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Secret Shortcuts to Expository Essay Outline Only the Experts Know About

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General Essay Topics For Govt Exams

General Essay Topics For Govt ExamsGeneral essay topics for Govt exams are required. The topics could be spread over different essay topics and could be any subject under the sun. The process of writing an essay is the same whether it is for the college entrance examinations or the state exams. It is compulsory for the candidate to have some excellent essays as they could help the college to choose the right student for a possible future college entrance examination.The essay topics for government exams could contain any subject under the sun. The topics of the college entrance examinations could vary from different nationalities. To get well prepared for these exams, one needs to follow a right essay writing plan. And it is best to follow some well-established steps to make the essay writing easier and quicker.One needs to have some knowledge about the subject so that he or she could make up some examples to explain his or her ideas clearly. The essay is meant to be original and eac h student should create something original. You may also get your ideas from your senior mates.The first step for writing a set essay topics for the general exams is to make the outline. This is where the outline of the topic of the essay is defined. The outline contains the topic as well as the specific points that need to be said on the topic. The students must know and understand about what needs to be said on the topic before starting to write the essay.The outline should be logical and have all the important points to be made. But most importantly, the outline should be written in the first person by the writer himself. The outline needs to be formatted so that it can be easily read by the readers. This also helps the readers to find the essence of the topic and so they can understand what is being said.Before you start to write the outline, it is best to write a synopsis of the outline. The outline is not written in the first person but the writer will still write it on his ow n. The synopsis also helps the students understand about the outline and what needs to be done for the outline. After the outline is written, one may then start to write the first sentences of the outline.The first sentence of the outline must be the opening statement of the essay. This first sentence is the starting point of the essay and there is no need to do any question answering at this point. In the outline, the introduction of the essay and the first sentence of the essay is usually referred to as the preamble.